The
Stockholm Convention is a global treaty to protect humans from :
(a)
Carbon Monoxide
(b)
Hospital acquired infections
(c)
Toxic gases
(d)
Persistent organic pollutants è
Explanation:
The
Stockholm Convention = Stockholm
Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants =
Stockholm
Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is an international environmental
treaty, signed on 22 May 2001 in Stockholm and effective from 17 May 2004, that
aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organic
pollutants.
The
Stockholm Convention focuses on eliminating or reducing releases of POPs.
It
sets up a system for tackling additional chemicals identified as unacceptably
hazardous.
Ultimately,
the Convention points the way to a future free of dangerous POPs and promises
to reshape our economy's reliance on toxic chemicals.
Dirty
Dozen POPs were a group of 12 highly persistent and toxic chemicals: aldrin,
chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzen, mirex,
polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans,
and toxaphen.
India
banned 7 of these POPs.
POPs
pose a particular hazard because of four characteristics: they are toxic; they
are persistent, resisting normal processes that break down contaminants; they
accumulate in the body fat of people, marine mammals, and other animals and are
passed from mother to fetus; and they can travel great distances on wind.
(a)
Carbon Monoxide = Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless,
colorless gas formed by the incomplete combustion of fuels.
When
people are exposed to CO gas, the CO molecules will displace the oxygen in
their bodies and lead to poisoning.
(b)
Hospital acquired infections = Hospital-acquired infections are caused
by viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens.
The
most common types are bloodstream infection (BSI), pneumonia (eg,
ventilator-associated pneumonia [VAP]), urinary tract infection (UTI), and
surgical site infection (SSI).
(c)
Toxic gases = Hydrogen Sulfide. Carbon Monoxide. Nitrogen Oxides. Etc.
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Who represented India at the Human Environment
Conference at Stockholm in 1972?
(a) Indira Gandhi è
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Lal Bahadur Shastri
(d) Rajiv Gandhi
===========
The principle of "One Earth" was accepted for the first time in _____.
(a) Earth Summit 1992
(b) Paris Conference 1972
(c) Stockholmn Conference 1972 è
(d) Kyoto Conference 1997
Major Principles of Stockholmn Conference:
The Stockholm Declaration, 1972 comprises the proclamation of 26 principles and several other submissions of recommendations.
Principle 1:
Right to Protect Environment = Article
21 of the Indian Constitution
Principle 2:
Management of Natural Resources
The human
must manage the natural resources available on earth and it applies to all the
natural resources which include air, water, land and samples of the natural
ecosystem so that the upcoming generations would also be able to enjoy the
natural resources.
Principle 3:
Management of Renewable Resources
Principle 4:
Conservation of Wildlife
Principle 5:
Management of Non-Renewable Resources
Principle 6:
Pollution Control
The main
causes of pollution are the gases, liquid substances, toxic substances or other
substances which industries or mills discharge and such quantities of harmful
substances pollute the environment in which we live.
Principle 7:
Prevention of Pollution of Seas
Principle 8:
Economic and Social Development
Economic and Social development is essential for ensuring a comfortable living but the act done by humans shall not affect the environment.
The working
environment of men is necessary for the improvement of the quality of life but
the act shall be in such a way that our environment does not suffer due to that
and we would be able to live in a pollution-free environment.
Principle 9:
Underdevelopment and Natural Disaster
Principle
10: Stability of Prices of Primary Commodities
Principle
11: Environmental Policies
The government should introduce some environmental policies for controlling pollution and for the development of countries so that pollution does not affect the present and future generations.
The State
should adopt an integrated and coordinated approach to developing such plans.
Principle
12: Environment Protection Education
Humans need
to be educated about environmental protection to make them much aware about the
issue.
Principle
13: Rational Management of Resources
Principle
14: Rational Planning
Rational
planning is an essential tool for confirming any clashes between the needs of
development and the need to protect and improve the environment.
Principle
15: Human Settlement
Principle
16: Human Population
The government
has to introduce some policies for controlling the population and must work
according to such policies, with the view for controlling the population on the
earth as it is one of the major issues of the earth and we should work
effectively to control it.
Principle
17: Setting of Environmental Pollution Control Agencies at National Level
For the
purpose of saving the environment, the government must establish Environmental
Pollution Agencies at national level and shall grant them the power to control
the pollution at the national level.
Principle
18: Use of Science and Technology
Science and
technology must work in a manner to control environmental problems and must
come up with new research and innovations.
Principle
19: Education in Environmental Matters
The earth is
suffering from pollution and it is essential to educate humans about
environmental matters to make people aware of the issues of the environment, so
that every individual, enterprise and community could put their joint efforts
for protecting and improving the environment in its full human dimension.
Principle
20: Further Scientific Research
The
government must promote new scientific research and innovations for the
development in the context of environmental problems in all the countries,
especially in the developing countries.
Principle
21: Rights and Responsibility of Sovereign Nation
It is the
right of the Sovereign Nations to exploit their own resources in pursuit of
their own environmental policies. The sovereign nations must look towards the
activities of their nation and must take care that it would not affect the
environment in their jurisdiction and shall not cause damage to the environment
of other states or areas beyond the limits of their national jurisdiction.
Principle
22: Development of International Law
Principle
23: Implementation of Agenda by Every Country
Principle
24: International Cooperation
Principle
25: Coordinated and Dynamic Role
Principle
26: Ban on Nuclear Weapons
No country
should use the nuclear weapon against any country, nuclear weapons must be
eliminated by every country.
The Declaration proclaims that the human are both the creature as well as the moulder of the environment and it gives them physical sustenance and affords the opportunity for intellectual, moral, social and spiritual growth.
The
declaration was made to achieve environmental goals, to live in a
pollution-free environment, save the earth from every type of abuse against the
environment and the slogan of the declaration was also “Only One Earth”.
Every individual should know their responsibilities and must perform some acts for the protection of the environment and earth for a better tomorrow.
The purpose
of the declaration was to work together and fight together against
environmental issues so that every country would contribute their common
efforts and every country would come up with innovative plans with the help of
science and technology and tackle this environmental issue as a whole.
==========
The Stockholm declaration contains _____ principles.
(a) 26 è
(b) 28
(c) 29
(d) 30
==========
The Stockholm Conference on Environment & Development 1972 was held under the auspices of
A. I L O
B. W H O
C. U N O è
D. I A E A
Explanation
A. I L O = International Labour Organisation
B. W H O = World Health Organisation
C. U N O = United Nations Organisation
D. I A E A = International Atomic Energy Agency
==========
The Conference convened in the 20th anniversary of Stockholm Conference is called:
a. Hclenski Conference
b. Kyoto Conference
c. Rio-de-Janeiro Conference è
d. Montreal Protocol
===========
Stockholm Declaration contains ________ .
(a) 7 Truths and 26 principles è
(b) 7 Truths and 27 principles
(c) 26 principles
(d) 8 Truths and 26 principles
==========
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