Which
convention adopted for the protection of ozone layer?
a.
Vienna Convention è
b.
Basel Convention
c.
Montreal Protocol
d.
Stockholm Convention
Explanation:
a.
Vienna Convention = The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
= The Convention aimed to promote cooperation among nations by exchanging
information on the effects of human activities on the ozone layer.
The
objectives of the Convention are for Parties to promote cooperation by means of
systematic observations, research and information exchange on the effects of
human activities on the ozone layer and to adopt legislative or administrative
measures against activities likely to have adverse effects on the ozone layer.
The
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (the Convention) is a
non-binding international agreement developed to address the problem of
stratospheric ozone depletion.
The
Convention was negotiated between 1981 and 1985 and has been ratified by 193
parties.
The
Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol have been quite successful as of
2009 in addressing the global problem of stratospheric ozone layer depletion.
b.
Basel Convention = The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary
Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, usually known as the Basel
Convention.
The
Basel Convention regulates the transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and
other wastes and obliges its Parties to ensure that such wastes are managed and
disposed of in an environmentally sound manner.
The
Convention covers toxic, poisonous, explosive, corrosive, flammable, ecotoxic
and infectious wastes.
Though
India is a party to the Basel Convention, it is yet to ratify the Ban
Amendment.
c.
Montreal Protocol = The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed
to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances
that are responsible for ozone depletion.
It
was agreed on 16 September 1987, and entered into force on 1 January 1989.
It
culminated in 1987 with the U.N. Montreal Protocol, a landmark agreement
banning CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances.
The
agreement set a mandatory timetable for the phasing out of main ozone-depleting
substances and provided money to developing countries to help them phase out
these substances.
India,
as Party to the Montreal Protocol since June 1992, has been successfully
implementing the Montreal Protocol and its ozone depleting substances phase out
projects and activities in line with the phase out schedule of the Protocol.
d.
Stockholm Convention
===============
In 1987,
Montreal protocol was signed for which of the following reasons ?
(a) To ban
nuclear testing in tropical oceans
(b) To phase
out the use of CFCs found to be causing depletion of ozone layer è
(c) To stop
global trade in products made from endangered species
(d) All of
the above
===============
Ozone Layer
is found in _________ .
(a)
Troposphere
(b)
Stratosphere è
(c)
Mesosphere
(d)
Ionosphere
The ozone
layer is the common term for the high concentration of ozone that is found in
the stratosphere around 15–30km above the earth's surface.
It covers
the entire planet and protects life on earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet-B
(UV-B) radiation from the sun.
=========
Ozone
depletion causes _______.
(a) Global
Warming
(b) Melting
of ice on polar
(c) Green
House Effect
(d) All the
above è
However,
scientists have discovered a hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica.
This has
focussed their concern on various environmental issues and steps to control
them. The main reasons for the ozone hole are chlorofluorocarbons, carbon
tetrachloride, methyl bromide and hydrochlorofluorocarbons.
Ozone layer
depletion is the gradual thinning of the earth’s ozone layer in the upper
atmosphere caused due to the release of
chemical compounds containing gaseous bromine or chlorine from
industries or other human activities.
Ozone-depleting
substances are the substances such as chlorofluorocarbons, halons, carbon
tetrachloride, hydrofluorocarbons, etc. that are responsible for the depletion
of the ozone layer.
Humans will
be directly exposed to the harmful ultraviolet radiation of the sun due to the
depletion of the ozone layer. This might result in serious health issues among
humans, such as skin diseases, cancer, sunburns, cataract, quick ageing and
weak immune system.
Direct
exposure to ultraviolet radiations leads to skin and eye cancer in animals.
Strong
ultraviolet rays may lead to minimal growth, flowering and photosynthesis in
plants. The forests also have to bear the harmful effects of the ultraviolet
rays.
Planktons
are greatly affected by the exposure to harmful ultraviolet rays. These are higher
in the aquatic food chain. If the planktons are destroyed, the organisms
present in the food chain are also affected.
==========
The outer
layer of atmosphere protecting earth from ultraviolet rays of the sun is called
______.
(a)
Chlorofluro carbon (b) Ozone layer è
(c)
Troposphere (d) Stratosphere
==========
The _____
protects the earth from ultra-violet rays of Sun.
(a)
Greenhouse gases
(b)
Biosphere
(c)
Stratosphere
(d) Ozone
Layer è
=======
The most
important layer of atmosphere for the survival of living organisms is
A. Ozone è
B. Troposphere
C.
Stratosphere
D. Exosphere
===========
Which
component of air protects Earth’s surface from severe radiation damage?
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon
C. Ozone è
D. Hydrogen
==========
Global
Warming is due to
A. Depletion
of Ozone layer
B.
Greenhouse gases
C. Both A
& B è
D. None of
the above
=======
Ozone day is
observed on
a. January
30
b. April 29
c. September
16 è
d. December
25
Ozone day is International Day for the
Preservation of the Ozone Layer.
International Day for the Preservation of the
Ozone Layer is celebrated on September 16 designed by the United Nations
General Assembly.
This designation had been made in
commemoration of the date, in 1987, on which nations signed the Montreal
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
========
What is the
main reason for ozone depletion?
a) Releasing
of oxygen
b) Releasing
of chemicals
c) Releasing
of CFCs è
d) Releasing
of nitrogen
===========
What is the
main reason for ozone depletion?
a) Releasing
of oxygen
b) Releasing
of chemicals
c) Releasing
of CFCs è
d) Releasing
of nitrogen
CFC =ChloroFluroCarbon
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are nontoxic,
nonflammable chemicals containing atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine.
They are used in the manufacture of aerosol
sprays, blowing agents for foams and packing materials, as solvents, and as
refrigerants.
Once in the atmosphere, CFCs drift slowly
upward to the stratosphere, where they are broken up by ultraviolet radiation,
releasing chlorine atoms, which are able to destroy ozone molecules.
When chlorine and bromine atoms come into
contact with ozone in the stratosphere, they destroy ozone molecules.
One chlorine atom can destroy over 100,000
ozone molecules before it is removed from the stratosphere.
==========
Which of the
following component is more dangerous to ozone layer?
a) CFCs è
b) Nitrogen
c) Halons
d) Sulphur
===========
Which of the
following facts are incorrect?
a) Global
warming is the rise in the average temperature of the earth’s climate system
b) The greenhouse
effect is a natural phenomenon
c) Ozone is
harmless to breathe è
d) Organic
food is dangerous to health
When
inhaled, ozone can damage the lungs.
Relatively
low amounts can cause chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath and throat
irritation.
Ozone may
also worsen chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and compromise the
ability of the body to fight respiratory infections.
============
