Legal Awareness Random Notes Part 1

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1) As per Justice Krishna Iyer “Every litigation has a moral and, these appeals have many, the foremost being that the economics of law is the essence of labour jurisprudence.”

2) Arbitration award of an industrial dispute can be passed under Section 10A of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.

3) But the jural resolution of labour disputes must be sought in the law-life complex, beyond the factual blinkers of decided cases, beneath the lexical littleness of statutory texts, in the economic basics of industrial justice which must enliven the consciousness of the court and the corpus juris.

4) The ethical roots of jurisprudence, with economic overtones, are the clan vital of any country's legal system.

5) Capital shall be the brother and keeper of Labour and cannot disown this obligation, because Articles 43 and 43A are constitutional mandates.

6) Subsection (1) of Section 319 of the Criminal Procedure Code empowers Court for addition of new accused in a case.

7) The Constitutional mandate under Articles 20 and 21 of the Constitution of India, 1950 provides a protective umbrella for the smooth administration of justice making adequate provisions to ensure a fair and efficacious trial so that the accused does not get prejudiced after the law has been put into motion to try him for the offence but at the same time also gives equal protection to victims and to the society at large to ensure that the guilty does not get away from the clutches of law.

8) Certain statutory presumptions in relation to certain class of offences have been raised against the accused whereby the presumption of guilt prevails till the accused discharges his burden upon an onus being cast upon him under the law to prove himself to be innocent.

9) Section 351 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1898 (`Old Code’), empowered the court to summon any person other than the accused if he is found to be connected with the commission of the offence, who is present in the court during the time of hearing. (This act is repealled but still referred to interpret the new Criminal Procedure Code).

10) Section 319 Cr.P.C. springs out of the doctrine judex damnatur cum nocens absolvitur (Judge is condemned when guilty is acquitted) and this doctrine must be used as a beacon light while explaining the ambit and the spirit underlying the enactment of Section 319 Cr.P.C.

Legal Awareness Short Notes

Reference:

Gujarat Steel Tubes Ltd vs Gujarat Steel Tubes Mazdoor Sabha on 19 November, 1979 Equivalent citations: 1980 AIR 1896, 1980 SCR (2) 146

Section 15 in The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946: Power to make rules

Read more about Labour Law

15. Power to make rules.—

(1) The appropriate Government may, after previous publication, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules to carry out the purposes of this Act.

(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may—

(a) prescribe additional matters to be included in the Schedule, and the procedure to be followed in modifying standing orders certified under this Act in accordance with any such addition;

(b) set out model standing orders for the purposes of this Act;

(c) prescribe the procedure of Certifying Officers and appellate authorities;

(d) prescribe the fee which may be charged for copies of standing orders entered in the register of standing orders;

(e) provide for any other matter which is to be or may be prescribed: Provided that before any rules are made under clause (a) representatives of both employers and workmen shall be consulted by the appropriate Government.

(3) Every rule made by the Central Government under this section shall be laid as soon as may be after it is made, before each House of Parliament while it is in session for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid] both Houses agree in making any modification in the rule or both Houses agree that the rule should not be made, the rule shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so however that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule. 

State amendment Maharashtra: Gujarat.—In section 15, in sub-section (2),—

(a) in clause (a), after the words “standing orders”, insert the words “or amendments”;

(b) in clause (d), for the words “copies of standing orders entered in the register of standing orders”, substitute “copies of standing orders or model standing orders together with all the amendments filed in the register under section 8”. 

Read more about Labour Law

Section 11A in The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947

 Section as it is in the bare Act:

11A. Powers of Labour Courts, Tribunals and National Tribunals to give appropriate relief in case of discharge or dismissal of workmen.- Where an industrial dispute relating to the discharge or dismissal of a workman has been referred to a Labour Court, Tribunal or National Tribunal for adjudication and, in the course of the adjudication proceedings, the Labour Court, Tribunal or National Tribunal, as the case may be, is satisfied that the order of discharge or dismissal was not justified, it may, by its award, set aside the order of discharge or dismissal and direct reinstatement of the workman on such terms and conditions, if any, as it thinks fit, or give such other relief to the workman including the award of any lesser punishment in lieu of discharge or dismissal as the circumstances of the case may require: Provided that in any proceeding under this section the Labour Court, Tribunal or National Tribunal, as the case may be, shall rely only on the materials on record and shall not take any fresh evidence in relation to the matter.

Read more about Labour Law

Article 226 Power of High Courts to issue certain writs

 Read more about the Constitution of India

226. Power of High Courts to issue certain writs

(1) Notwithstanding anything in Article 32 every High Court shall have powers, throughout the territories in relation to which it exercise jurisdiction, to issue to any person or authority, including in appropriate cases, any Government, within those territories directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibitions, quo warranto and certiorari, or any of them, for the enforcement of any of the rights conferred by Part III and for any other purpose

(2) The power conferred by clause ( 1 ) to issue directions, orders or writs to any Government, authority or person may also be exercised by any High Court exercising jurisdiction in relation to the territories within which the cause of action, wholly or in part, arises for the exercise of such power, notwithstanding that the seat of such Government or authority or the residence of such person is not within those territories

(3) Where any party against whom an interim order, whether by way of injunction or stay or in any other manner, is made on, or in any proceedings relating to, a petition under clause ( 1 ), without

(a) furnishing to such party copies of such petition and all documents in support of the plea for such interim order; and

(b) giving such party an opportunity of being heard, makes an application to the High Court for the vacation of such order and furnishes a copy of such application to the party in whose favour such order has been made or the counsel of such party, the High Court shall dispose of the application within a period of two weeks from the date on which it is received or from the date on which the copy of such application is so furnished, whichever is later, or where the High Court is closed on the last day of that period, before the expiry of the next day afterwards on which the High Court is open; and if the application is not so disposed of, the interim order shall, on the expiry of that period, or, as the case may be, the expiry of the aid next day, stand vacated

(4) The power conferred on a High Court by this article shall not be in derogation of the power conferred on the Supreme court by clause ( 2 ) of Article 32

Read more about the Constitution of India

Administrative law one liner notes - Part 2

 

Vande Matram!

Government has to administer the State and its people by making various rules and regulations. The working of the government to administer the State is to abide by various administrative laws. Here are some one liners for your notes to prepare any judicial exam.

Part 1

·         Both the Union and the states are divided into three great departments, namely,

o   (1) the executive,

o   (2) the legislature, and

o   (3) the judiciary.

·         Executive may act in exercise of the executive power of the Union or of a state or it may act under the authority of a specific statute or subordinate legislation.

·         The exercise of all administrative powers is subject to the rule of law.

·         The legal control may be exercised by three authorities, namely,

o   (1) the legislature,

o   (2) the higher executive, and

o   (3) the judiciary.

·         Administrative law concerns itself mainly with the legal control of the government or of administrative authorities by the courts.

·         In general the public law deals with the relations between the states on the one hand and the individual or groups of individuals or associations on the other hand. Whenever a question arises as to the relationship in various circumstances between the state and the individual, it falls in the domain of public law; for instance, constitutional law, administrative law, criminal law, law of taxation etc., are all branches of public law. 

 

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Administrative law one liner notes - Part 1

Vande Matram!

Government has to administer the State and its people by making various rules and regulations. The working of the government to administer the State is to abide by various administrative laws. Here are some one liners for your notes to prepare any judicial exam.

·         The expression "Administrative Law" may mean two different things, namely,

o   (a) law relating to administration, and

o   (b) law made by the administration.

·         There are again two types of law made by the administration:

o   Rule making - rules, regulations, orders, schemes, bye-laws, etc made by the administrative authorities on whom power to make such subordinate legislation is conferred by a statute.

o   Adjudication - certain administrative authorities have power to decide questions of law and/ or fact affecting particular person or persons generally.

·         Most of such powers to decide questions of law and/ or fact affecting particular person or persons generally are exercised quasi-judicially.

·         Administration is government or a department of government or an agency of the government.

·         Under the Constitution of India the powers of the state are divided between the Union (including the Union Territories) on the one hand and the states on the other hand. 

Read more on Administrative law.

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Dowry MCQ Part 4

 According to section 498A of IPC any cruelty for dowry to a woman by the husband or his relatives is

a) a non-bailable offence with up to three years jail and fine

b) a bailable offence with up to three years jail and fine

c) an offence with fine up to 5 thousand rupees

d) a non bailable offence with up to seven years jail and fine

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Punishment for Dowry Death is

A. Death Punishment

B. Imprisonment not less than 7 years and may extend to life

C. Imprisonment upto 10 years and fine upto Rs. 50,000/-

D. No imprisonment, only fine.

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Which Court shall try an offence under Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 if the offence is committed in Mumbai?

A. Judicial Magistrate First Class

B. Metropolitan Magistrate

C. High Court

D. Family Court

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Dowry MCQ Part 3

 Dowry Prohibition Officer is appointed by :

(a) The State Government (b) The District Judge

(c) The Chief Justice of High Court (d) The Chief Justice of Supreme Court

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Who ever commits Dowry death shall be punished with :

(a) Five year rigorous imprisonment

(b) Life imprisonment

(c) Imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than seven years but which may extend to imprisonment for life

(d) Only fine

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As per the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, when any person is prosecuted for taking or abetting the taking of dowry then the burden of proving that he/she has not committed the offence lies with whom ?

A.The person who is being prosecuted

B.The local counselor

C.The marriage registrar

D.All the above

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According to the Dowry Prohibition Act 1961, what is the punishment for giving or taking or demanding or accepting dowry?

a) Up to 5 thousand rupees fine

b) Up to six months imprisonment and / or up to 5 thousand rupees fine

c) Up to three months punishment and/or up to one thousand rupees fine

d) Up to one year punishment and/or up to ten thousand rupees fine

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Dowry MCQ Part 2

 The term Dowry is defined in Section ____ of Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961.

(a) 3 (b) 2

(c) 4 (d) 5

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Dowry means any _______.

(a) Property (b) Valuable Security (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above

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Which section of the Indian Evidence Act, presumes dowry death of a woman ?

(a) Sec. 113-A (b) Sec. 113-B

(c) Sec. 112 (d) Sec. 114

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Section 113-A of the Evidence Act deals with ______.

(a) Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman

(b) Presumption as to dowry death

(c) Presumption as to legitimacy of child

(d) None of the above

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According to Section 304 B, IPC, where the death of woman is caused by any burns or Bodily injury under abnormal circumstances within _____ years of a marriage such death is called dowry death.

(a) Five years (b) Seven years

(c) Ten years (d) None of above

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Indian Parliament has passed the Dowry Prohibition Act, in the year ______.

(a) 1860 (b) 1961

(c) 1923 (d) 1947

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Which of the following is an offence under Section 304-B of the Indian Penal Code ?

(a) Dowry death (b) Giving dowry

(c) Taking dowry (d) All of the above

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____ essential ingredients have to be established before the offence under S. 304 B can be established as to dowry death.

(a) Two (b) One

(c) Three (d) Four

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Dowry MCQ Part 1

In special circumstances, the court can impose a sentence of imprisonment for up to ________ months for the offence of offering dowry through advertisement:

A. 6 months B. 8 months

C. 7 months D. 10 months

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Section ______ of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 defines the word ‘Dowry’.

(a) Section 2 (b) Section 3

(c) Section 4 (d) None of above

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Penalty for taking dowry under Section 3 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, is

(a) Imprisonment of 5 years and fine from 15,000.

(b) Life imprisonment.

(c) Only fine upto 1 lakh.

(d) None of the above.

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Section 304 B of the Indian Penal Code deals with dowry deaths added by

(a) Indian Penal Code (Amendment) Act, 1983.

(b) Amendment Act, 1983.

(c) The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 1983.

(d) None of the above.

Note: It is Amendment Act, 1986. Dowry prohibition Act (Amendment Act, 1986 (43 of 1986) with effect from November 19,1986.

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Sexual Harassment at Workplace MCQ Part 4

Sexual harassment of women at working place has been included in the conduct rules after the judgement of Supreme Court in :

(a) Indra Sawhney vs. U.O.I. (b) Vishakha vs. State of Rajasthan

(c) Sheela Barse vs. U.O.I. (d) Shahabano’s case

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“Chairperson” under Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act 2013 means?

(a) Chairman of Parliamentary Committee on Women

(b) Minister of Women and Child Development

(c) Chairperson of National Women’s Commission

(d) Chairperson of the Local Complaints Committee

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Which among the following is a “sexual harassment” as defined under Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act 2013?

(a) physical contact and advances

(b) a demand or request for sexual favours

(c) showing pornography

(d) All the above

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Which among the following constitutes “sexual harassment” according to the Sexual Harassment at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013?

a) Unwelcome physical contact and advances, or unwelcome sexually colored remarks

b) Trafficking

c) Acid attack

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Can any person with information about a sexual harassment incident file a complaint to the Complaints Committee?

a) Yes, only with written consent of the complainant

b) Yes, even without written consent of the complainant

c) No

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Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 came into force on?

(a) 22 April 2013

(b) 9 December 2013

(c) 21 August 2014

(d) 22 January 2015

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Sexual Harassment at Workplace MCQ Part 3

Which of the following landmark cases pointed out to the Supreme Court through a letter, which was treated as PIL, that the guidelines issued in Vishakha's case were not being implemented in the establishments?

A. Medha Kotwal Lele's Case

B. Meghna Kotwal Lele's case

C. Medha Patkar case

D. None of the above

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Which of the following may amount to sexual harassment under Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act 2013?

(a) implied or explicit promise of preferential treatment in her employment

(b) implied or explicit threat of detrimental treatment in her employment

(c) humiliating treatment likely to affect her health or safety

(d) All the above

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Which of the following can provide redressal in case a female domestic worker files a sexual harassment complaint against her employer?

a) Women’s Cell

b) Internal Complaints Committee

c) Local Complaints Committee

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“Employee” under Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act 2013 means?

(a) regular employee

(b) temporary employee

(c) adhoc/daily wage employee

(d) All the above

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Which among the following does not come under the meaning “workplace” under Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act 2013?

(a) any private sector organisation

(b) hospitals or nursing homes

(c) any sports institute, stadium, sports complex

(d) None of these

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What is the purpose of Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act 2013?

(a) provide protection against sexual harassment of women at workplace

(b) prevention and redressal of complaints of sexual harassment

(c) Both a and b above

(d) None of these

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Sexual Harassment at Workplace MCQ Part 2

Vishakha and others V. State of Rajasthan deals with :

(a) Child Marriage (b) Sexual Harassment

(c) Bonded Labour (d) None of the above

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Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act 2013 received the assent of the President on?

(a) 8 March 2013

(b) 22 April 2013

(c) 8 December 2012

(d) 22 March 2013

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Sexual Harassment at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 applies to

a) women b) men

c) both men and women

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Every offence under Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act 2013 shall be?

(a) non-bailable

(b) cognizable

(c) bailable

(d) non-cognizable

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Sexual Harassment at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 applies to

a) Only organized sector

b) Only unorganized sector

c) Both organized and unorganized sectors

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Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act 2013 is Act ___ of 2013?

(a) 14 (b) 37

(c) 32 (d) 9

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Sexual Harassment at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 mandates every organization to have a committee to redress sexual harassment complaints filed by women employees. The committee is called

a) Women’s Cell

b) Internal Complaints Committee

c) Local Complaints Committee

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Sexual Harassment at Workplace MCQ Part 1

Vishaka and other Vs. State of Rajasthan deals with _____.

(a) Rape (b) Sexual harassment at work place

(c) Bigamy (d) Dowry

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__________ provides protection to Women from sexual harassment at all workplaces both in public and private sector, whether organised or unorganised.

(a) Special Marriage Act

(b) National Commission for Women Act

(c) Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act

(d) All of the above

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Sexual Harassment at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 applies to

a) the whole of India

b) the whole of India except Jammu and Kashmir

c) the whole of India except north-eastern states

d) the whole of India except union territories

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Section 4 of Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act 2013 deals with?

(a) Complaint of sexual harassment

(b) Inquiry into complaint.

(c) Constitution of Internal Committee

(d) Prohibition of publication or making known contents of complaint and inquiry proceedings

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Where the employer fails to constitute an Internal Committee as provided under Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act 2013, he/she shall be punishable with fine which may extend to?

(a) Rs. 25,000/-

(b) Rs.10,000/-

(c) Rs.50,000/- if previously convicted punishment twice the earlier punishment

(d) Rs.1 Lakh

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In ______, the Supreme Court has emphasised the need for an effective legislation in India to curb sexual harassment of working women and laid down number of guidelines to that effect.

(a) Vishaka Vs. State of Rajasthan

(b) Apparel Export Promotion Council Vs. A.K. Chopra

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of above

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Constitutional Provisions for women welfare Part 6

 Which of the following article of the Constitution of India provides for equal pay for equal work for both men and women:

A. Article 39 ( c)

B. Article 39 ( d)

C. Article 39( b)

D. Article 39 ( a)

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Which Article of the Indian Constitution abolishes untouchability?

A. Article 21

B. Article 17

C. Article 14

D. Article 51A

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Social, economic and political Justice is

A. guaranteed by Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India

B. guaranteed to the people by the writs issued by the High Courts and Supreme Court

C. an idea enshrined in the Preamble to the Constitution of India

D. a Directive Principle of State Policy taken into consideration while making enactments

============

Which Directive Principle of State Policy issues direction in favour of women and children: —

(a) Article 42 (b) Article 48. (c) Article 39. (d) Article 36.

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Section 497, IPC, which punishes only the male counterpart in the offence of adultery and exempts the women from punishment is violative of :

(a) Art. 14 (b) Art. 15(1) (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of above

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Which Article in the Directive Principles of State Policy issues direction in favour of women and children?

(a) Article 42 (b) Article 48 (c) Article 39 (d) Article 36

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In _______ case/cases the SC held that Section 497 of IPC, which punishes only the Male counterpart in the offence of adultery and exempts the women from punishment, is not violative of Art. 14 and 15(1).

(a) Yosuf Abdul Aziz Vs. State of Bombay

(b) Sowmitri Vishnu Vs. UOI

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of above

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The Supreme Court, by invoking provisions of Article ______ may allow the dissolution of Marriage through mutual consent before the cooling period of six months, under the Hindu Marriage Act.

(a) Article 226 (b) Article 227 (c) Article 142 (d) Article 151

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Constitutional Provisions for women welfare Part 5

 Directive Principles of state policy are contained in __ part of the constitution of India.

(a) Part V from Articles 50 to 63

(b) Part IV from Articles 42 to 51

(c) Part IV from Articles 36 to 51

(d) Part III from Articles 12 to 35

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The provision for Uniform Civil Code is given in the following law :

(a) Constitutional law

(b) CPC

(c) Cr. P.C.

(d) Hindu Marriage Act, 1955

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Article 23 of Indian Constitution relates with _____.

(a) Right to life

(b) Right to livelihood

(c) Right to wages

(d) Prohibition on traffic in human beings and forced labour

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Article 42 of the Indian Constitution makes provision for :

(a) Securing just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief

(b) Equal Pay for Equal Work

(c) To renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of Women

(d) Right to adequate means of livelihood.

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The 73rd and 74th Amendments to the Indian Constitution effected in 1992 provide for reservation of seats to the women in elections to the :

(a) Panchayat and the Municipalities

(b) Vidhan Sabha

(c) Lok Sabha

(d) None of the above

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Constitutional Provisions for women welfare Part 4

 Fundamental duties has been incorporated in Article 51-A by the _____.

(a) 42nd Amendment 1976

(b) 43rd Amendment 1977

(c) 42nd Amendment 1972

(d) 44th Amendment 1978

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Which article of the Constitution provides for reserving seats of women in Municipalities, with powers and authority?

(a) Article–243 D (b) Article–243 T

(c) Article–244 D (d) Article–245

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In ______ case Supreme Court held that the Sec. 9 of Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 does Not violate Art. 21 (Personal liberty), Art. 14 (Right to equality) of the Constitution but idea of Sec. 9 is to preserve the marriage.

(a) T. Saritha Vs. T Venkata Subbaiah

(b) Smt. Harvinder Kaur Vs. Harmander Singh

(c) Saroj Rani Vs. Sudarshan Kumar

(d) All the above

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The 73rd and 74th Amendments (1993) to the Constitution of India have provided for women_______.

(a) Reservation of Seats in Municipalities

(b) Reservation of Seats in Panchayats

(c) Reservation of Seats in the Local Bodies of Panchayats and Municipalities

(d) None of the above

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The National Commission for Women is a ______.

(a) Constitutional body (b) Statutory body

(c) Independent body (d) None of the above

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Constitutional Provisions for women welfare Part 3

 Which Article of the constitution of India prohibits traffic in human beings and forced labour

(a) Article 21.

(b) Article 32.

(c) Article 23.

(d) Article 19.

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To renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women is a ______ incorporated in Constitution of India.

(a) Fundamental Right (b) Directive Principle (c) Fundamental Duty (d) Legal Duty

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Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 has been enacted by the legislature to enforce Article _____ of the Constitution.

(a) 14 (b) 21 (c) 39 (d) 42

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The _________ amendments to the Indian Constitution effected in 1992 provides for reservation of seats to the women in Elections to the Panchayat and the Municipalities.

(a) 73rd and 74th (b) 42nd and 43rd

(c) 86th and 87th (d) 90th and 91th

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‘‘It is matter of regret that Art, 44 of our Constitution has remained a dead letter,’’ said :

(a) Chief Justice Y.V. Chandrachud (b) Chief Justice Bhagawati

(c) Justice D. Chinnappa Reddy (d) Justice Kuldip Singh

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Fundamental Rights are contained in ________ part of the Constitution of India.

(a) Part IV from Articles 36 to 51

(b) Part V from Articles 50 to 63

(c) Part III from Articles 12 to 35

(d) Part IV from Articles 42 to 51

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Constitutional Provisions for women welfare Part 2

 Which one of the following features has been wrongly listed as a feature of Right to Equality?

A. It ensures equality in the matter of appointment to offices under the State.

B. It abolishes all titles, other than academic and military.

C. It abolishes untouchability.

D. It prohibits special treatment of any section of society including the women and children, etc.

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No child under the age of 14 years is allowed to work in hazardous industry under Article:

A. 15(3)

B. 23

C. 24

D. 45

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Equal pay for equal work provided under the constitution of India as per - - - - -

(a) Article 12(d) (b) Article 13(d)

(c) Article 39(d) (d) Article 40(d)

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Article —— of the Constitution of India directs the state to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.

(a) 42. (b) 45. (c) 43. (d) 44.

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The National Commission for women was created by —— .

(a) An amendment in the constitution of India.

(b) An act passed by the Parliament.

(c) An order of the President of India.

(d) A decision of the Union Cabinet.

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The Indian Constitution is —— .

(a) an unwritten Constitution.

(b) a written Constitution.

(c) largely based on the Rule of law.

(d) A gift of British Parliament.

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All Acts passed by the Indian parliament must be published in

a) Bulletin of the President’s office

b) The Gazette of India

c) Bulletin of the Prime Minister’s office

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Constitutional Provisions for women welfare Part 1

 Article — of the Indian Constitution provides that state can make special laws for women.

(a) 15 (3). (b) 16 (6).

(c) 14 (3). (d) 13 (3).

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The State can make special provisions for women under Article ________ of the Constitution of India.

(a) 15(1) (b) 15(2) (c) 15(3) (d) 15(4)

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Article 15(3) of the Constitution of India empowers the State to make special provisions for ______.

(a) Reservation in employment for freedom fighters

(b) Women and children

(c) Reservation in employment for physically handicapped persons

(d) Relaxation of minimum qualifying marks for admission to those belonging to SC and ST category

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State can make special provisions for women.

A. Statement is true according to Article 15(3) of the Constitution of India

B. Statement is false according to Artice 15(3) of the Constitution of India

C. Statement is true according to Artice 15(4) of the Constitution of India

D. Statement is true according to Artice 15(2) of the Constitution of India

=============

Under the Indian Constitution special provisions can be made for women and children under which of the following articles:

A. Art. 14

B. Art. 15 (3)

C. Art. 16 (4)

D. Art. 17

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In India, which is a comprehensive anti-discrimination law addressing all aspects of direct and indirect discrimination against women?

a) Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act

b) There is no such law

c) National Commission for Women Act

d) Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act

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