Which convention adopted for the protection of ozone layer?
a.
Vienna Convention è
b.
Basel Convention
c.
Montreal Protocol
d.
Stockholm Convention
Explanation:
a.
Vienna Convention = The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
= The Convention aimed to promote cooperation among nations by exchanging
information on the effects of human activities on the ozone layer.
The
objectives of the Convention are for Parties to promote cooperation by means of
systematic observations, research and information exchange on the effects of
human activities on the ozone layer and to adopt legislative or administrative
measures against activities likely to have adverse effects on the ozone layer.
The
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (the Convention) is a
non-binding international agreement developed to address the problem of
stratospheric ozone depletion.
The
Convention was negotiated between 1981 and 1985 and has been ratified by 193
parties.
The
Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol have been quite successful as of
2009 in addressing the global problem of stratospheric ozone layer depletion.
b.
Basel Convention = The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary
Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, usually known as the Basel
Convention.
The
Basel Convention regulates the transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and
other wastes and obliges its Parties to ensure that such wastes are managed and
disposed of in an environmentally sound manner.
The
Convention covers toxic, poisonous, explosive, corrosive, flammable, ecotoxic
and infectious wastes.
Though
India is a party to the Basel Convention, it is yet to ratify the Ban
Amendment.
c.
Montreal Protocol = The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed
to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances
that are responsible for ozone depletion.
It
was agreed on 16 September 1987, and entered into force on 1 January 1989.
It
culminated in 1987 with the U.N. Montreal Protocol, a landmark agreement
banning CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances.
The
agreement set a mandatory timetable for the phasing out of main ozone-depleting
substances and provided money to developing countries to help them phase out
these substances.
India,
as Party to the Montreal Protocol since June 1992, has been successfully
implementing the Montreal Protocol and its ozone depleting substances phase out
projects and activities in line with the phase out schedule of the Protocol.
===============
In 1987, Montreal protocol was signed for which of the following reasons ?
(a) To ban nuclear testing in tropical oceans
(b) To phase out the use of CFCs found to be causing depletion of ozone layer è
(c) To stop global trade in products made from endangered species
(d) All of the above
===============
Ozone Layer is found in _________ .
(a) Troposphere
(b) Stratosphere è
(c) Mesosphere
(d) Ionosphere
The ozone layer is the common term for the high concentration of ozone that is found in the stratosphere around 15–30km above the earth's surface.
It covers the entire planet and protects life on earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation from the sun.
=========
Ozone depletion causes _______.
(a) Global Warming
(b) Melting of ice on polar
(c) Green House Effect
(d) All the above è
However, scientists have discovered a hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica.
This has focussed their concern on various environmental issues and steps to control them. The main reasons for the ozone hole are chlorofluorocarbons, carbon tetrachloride, methyl bromide and hydrochlorofluorocarbons.
Ozone layer depletion is the gradual thinning of the earth’s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused due to the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous bromine or chlorine from industries or other human activities.
Ozone-depleting substances are the substances such as chlorofluorocarbons, halons, carbon tetrachloride, hydrofluorocarbons, etc. that are responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer.
Humans will be directly exposed to the harmful ultraviolet radiation of the sun due to the depletion of the ozone layer. This might result in serious health issues among humans, such as skin diseases, cancer, sunburns, cataract, quick ageing and weak immune system.
Direct exposure to ultraviolet radiations leads to skin and eye cancer in animals.
Strong
ultraviolet rays may lead to minimal growth, flowering and photosynthesis in
plants. The forests also have to bear the harmful effects of the ultraviolet
rays.
Planktons are greatly affected by the exposure to harmful ultraviolet rays. These are higher in the aquatic food chain. If the planktons are destroyed, the organisms present in the food chain are also affected.
==========
The outer layer of atmosphere protecting earth from ultraviolet rays of the sun is called ______.
(a) Chlorofluro carbon (b) Ozone layer è
(c) Troposphere (d) Stratosphere
==========
The _____ protects the earth from ultra-violet rays of Sun.
(a) Greenhouse gases
(b) Biosphere
(c) Stratosphere
(d) Ozone Layer è
=======
The most important layer of atmosphere for the survival of living organisms is
A. Ozone è
B. Troposphere
C. Stratosphere
D. Exosphere
===========
Which component of air protects Earth’s surface from severe radiation damage?
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon
C. Ozone è
D. Hydrogen
==========
Global Warming is due to
A. Depletion of Ozone layer
B. Greenhouse gases
C. Both A & B è
D. None of the above
=======
Ozone day is observed on
a. January 30
b. April 29
c. September 16 è
d. December 25
Ozone day is International Day for the
Preservation of the Ozone Layer.
International Day for the Preservation of the
Ozone Layer is celebrated on September 16 designed by the United Nations
General Assembly.
This designation had been made in
commemoration of the date, in 1987, on which nations signed the Montreal
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
========
What is the main reason for ozone depletion?
a) Releasing of oxygen
b) Releasing of chemicals
c) Releasing of CFCs è
d) Releasing of nitrogen
===========
What is the main reason for ozone depletion?
a) Releasing of oxygen
b) Releasing of chemicals
c) Releasing of CFCs è
d) Releasing of nitrogen
CFC =ChloroFluroCarbon
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are nontoxic,
nonflammable chemicals containing atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine.
They are used in the manufacture of aerosol
sprays, blowing agents for foams and packing materials, as solvents, and as
refrigerants.
Once in the atmosphere, CFCs drift slowly
upward to the stratosphere, where they are broken up by ultraviolet radiation,
releasing chlorine atoms, which are able to destroy ozone molecules.
When chlorine and bromine atoms come into
contact with ozone in the stratosphere, they destroy ozone molecules.
One chlorine atom can destroy over 100,000
ozone molecules before it is removed from the stratosphere.
==========
Which of the following component is more dangerous to ozone layer?
a) CFCs è
b) Nitrogen
c) Halons
d) Sulphur
===========
Which of the following facts are incorrect?
a) Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of the earth’s climate system
b) The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon
c) Ozone is harmless to breathe è
d) Organic food is dangerous to health
When inhaled, ozone can damage the lungs.
Relatively low amounts can cause chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath and throat irritation.
Ozone may also worsen chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and compromise the ability of the body to fight respiratory infections.
============
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