Earth Summit 1992

Earth Summit means :

(a) Biodiversity Convention 1992 è

(b) Kyoto Protocol 1997

(c) Johannesburg Convention 2002

(d) None of the above

Explanation:

(a) Biodiversity Convention 1992 = Earth Summit 1992 = Rio conference = The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the 'Earth Summit', was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 3-14 June 1992. Earth Summit 1992 produced the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the Statement of Forest Principles, and Agenda 21. The Earth Summit also led to the establishment of the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

Principle 21 = States have the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.

Key principles:

• Principle 5: The eradication of poverty as an indispensable requirement of sustainable development;

• Principle 6: Calls for attention to the special situation and needs of developing countries, particularly the least developed and those most environmentally vulnerable.

Principle 7 : States need to cooperate to protect and restore the health and integrity of the Earth’s ecosystems with developed countries holding a particular responsibility common but differentiated responsibility

• Principle 8 : Cooperation by states to reduce and eliminate unsustainable patterns of production and consumption.

• Principle 16: the polluter should, in principle, bear the cost of pollution;

• Principle 17: The precautionary approach;

• The definition of participation as the best way to handle environmental matters is contained in Principle 10.

(b) Kyoto Protocol 1997 = The Kyoto Protocol was an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that global warming is occurring and that human-made CO₂ emissions are driving it.

(c) Johannesburg Convention 2002 = In the summit, various key issues were addressed, including Poverty, Water quality and availability, Cleaner energy, Health, Good governance, Technology, Production and Consumption, Oceans and Fisheries, Tourism. Other related issues such as globalization, women's rights were also discussed. Also called Earth Summit 2002. The 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg adopted a Political Declaration and Implementation Plan which included provisions covering a set of activities and measures to be taken in order to achieve development that takes into account respect for the environment. The United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development, also called Earth Summit 2002, was an international convention on the environment and sustainable development held in Johannesburg, South Africa, on August 26 to September 6, 2002.

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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was held in _____.

(a) 1993

(b) 1994

(c) 1997 èKyoto Protocol

(d) 1992

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Convention on Global Warming –

a. Montreal Protocol

b. The Brundtland Commission

c. Kyoto Protocol è

d. There is no Convention for Global Warming

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The Kyoto Protocol of 1997 is a part of the Convention on Climate Change adopted at -----------

A. China

B. USA

C. Italy

D. Japan è 

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The historic earth summit at Rio in the year 1992 has created a framework convention on the Summit Sustainable on

(a) Climate Change

(b) Sea Laws

(c) Bio-Diversity è

(d) Protection of Ozone Layer

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28. The U.N. Frame-work Convention on Climate Change, 1992 came into force on:

(a) 21 March, 1993

b) 21 march 1994

(c) 29 March, 1993

d) 29 march 1994

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According to Article 1 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, climate change alters the composition of the global atmosphere which is attributed to

(a) Direct Human Activity è

(b)IditHAtiit

(c) Any member of the Board who has been removed from office on account oinability, will not be eligible for renomination

(d) Members nominated from the state boards cannot continue to remain in office on ceasing to be member of the State Board

Article 1 = "Climate change" means a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.

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The U.N. Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992 came into force on:

(a) 21 December, 1993 è

(b) 21 December, 1994

(c) 29 December, 1993

(d) 29 December, 1994

The convention was opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1992 and entered into force on 29 December 1993.

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Along with the achievement of Agenda 21, there are other achievement Rio Declaration:

(a) Convention on Climate Change

(b) Convention on Bio-diversity

(c) Acceptance of the Forest Principle

(d) All of the above è

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The Earth Summit was held in the year _____ at Rio de Janerio.

(a) 1975

(b) 1980

(c) 1992 è

(d) 1999

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The International Conference on Environment was held in Rio-de-Janerio in :

(a) 1992 è

(b) 1994

(c) 2002

(d) None of the above 

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Which among the following is false about ‘the polluter pays principle’?

a. It finds its mention in Principle 16 of the Rio Declaration

b. It provides that producers of goods or other items should bear the financial and practical responsibility of preventing or remedying any pollution caused by their activity

c. It exposes the polluter to two fold liability, namely compensation to the victim of pollution and ecological restoration

d. This principle was to conceal the trade secrets of the manufacturing unit è

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The Conference convened in the 20th anniversary of Stockholm Conference is called:

a. Hclenski Conference

b. Kyoto Conference

c. Rio-de-Janeiro Conference è

d. Montreal Protocol

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The greatest achievement of the famous Earth Summit is Agenda 21. so named because:

(a) 21 principles have been enunciated in it

(b) It was prepared in 21 days

(c) It partly reminds of 21st principle of Stockholm Declaration and suggests programme of creating better environment for 21st Century. è

(d) none of the above

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How many principles were enacted under Rio-Declaration held in 1992 ?

(a) 21

(b) 25

(c) 27 è

(d) 31

The 'Earth Summit' had many great achievements: the Rio Declaration and its 27 universal principles, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Convention on Biological Diversity; and the Declaration on the principles of forest management .

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On which date and place the Earth Summit was held at?

(a) 6th June, 1997 at Geneva

b) 20th June, 1997 at London

(c) 21st June, 1992 at Rio

(d) 3rd June, I992 at Rio, è

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In which year the Inter-Agency Committee on Sustainable Development was established to improve co operation between various UN bodies concerned with environment?

a) 1992 è

b) 1972

c) 2012

d) 1998

The United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was a body under the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) tasked with overseeing the outcomes of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development/Earth Summit. It was replaced in 2013 by the High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development, which meets both under the General Assembly every four years and the ECOSOC in other years.

The CSD was established in December 1992 by General Assembly Resolution A/RES/47/191 as a functional commission of the UN Economic and Social Council, implementing a recommendation in Chapter 38 of Agenda 21, the landmark global agreement reached at the June 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development/Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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