Tuesday, 21 December 2021

Short Q and A on Public International Law: Part 11

Vande Matram!

These are some one-liner notes on Public International Law. Read them carefully and note them for your knowledge.

Short Q and A on Public International Law: Part 11

 

·         What is inviolability?

o   Article 29 of the Vienna convention 1961 provides for inviolability which means,

§  Diplomatic agents will enjoy physical inviolability.

§  He will not be liable to any form of arrest or detention.

§  Honourable treatment will be given to him by taking or keeping state and

§  every efforts shall be made to maintain his freedom and reputation as intact.

·         What is persona non grata?

o   Article- 9 and 43 of Vienna convention 1961 provides that if behavior and conduct of diplomatic agent is found to be objectionable and if charge is imposed upon him of interference in internal affairs of keeping state, then he may be declared as persona non grata. Such persona non grata is asked to leave the state keeping it.

§  E.g. Indian diplomatic agent in Pakistan Rajesh Mittal was tortured by officers of intelligence agency of Pakistan on 25th may 1992 and with the result, India declared two Pakistani diplomatic agents in India as persona non grata and was asked to leave India.

·         What is mean by immunity from civil and administrative jurisdiction?

o   Principles of international law provides that diplomatic envoys are immune from civil and administrative jurisdiction and hence

§  1)- no suit can be filed against diplomatic agent for recovery of debt;

§  2)- he cannot be arrested in action for debt recovery;

§  3)- his property cannot be ceased and sold.

·         What is immunity from criminal jurisdiction?

o   Diplomatic envoys are having immunity from criminal jurisdiction under Article 31 of Vienna convention 1961 which means,

§  the keeping state shall not prosecute and penalise any diplomatic agent  under any circumstance.

§  Even he cannot be arrested.

§  But it does not mean that he can behave as he likes in keeping state. 

·         It is his duty that he should obey all rules and laws of keeping state and should not do such act which is inconsistent with the internal system of keeping state.

·         If any misconduct is done by him, the keeping state may suspend him and ask him to leave the country.

·         E.g. in 1995 the first secretary sultan Mahmood Dehader in Afghan embassy was suspended by government of India in Delhi in consequence of criminal charge and misconduct and was sent back to Afghanistan.

§  This immunity is not available to children and relatives of diplomatic agents who are not residing with them.

·         Explain immunity regarding residence?

o   The residence of diplomatic envoys is having inviolability means his house cannot be searched and local police do not have right to entre such residence. If any offender is hidden in residence of diplomatic envoys then it is duty of that envoy to surrender such person to the police.

·         Can diplomatic envoy give evidence in the court of keeping country?

o   Yes diplomatic envoy can present himself in a court for giving evidence on his own will but as per provisions of Article-31(2) of Vienna convention, 1961 the country keeping such diplomatic envoy cannot made him to give evidence in any domestic matter in any domestic Court.

·         Is it necessary for a diplomatic envoy to pay taxes and duties?

o   No, it not necessary for a diplomatic agent to pay taxes and duties under provisions of Article 34 and 36 of Vienna convention, 1961 because it provides immunity from payment of all types of taxes and duties. 


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